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The Technique of Sadhana
The Sadhana Chatushtaya and the other virtues should be practised
for the reasons explained, that they act as a powerful help in withdrawing
oneself from taking interest in the perishable body and the world, and
directing the consciousness to the Great Destination. If it is well understood
at the very outset, how, actually, these disciplines are going to lead one to
the way of Liberation, the process of practice will be intelligently and
undeludedly undergone, the practice itself would be easy, and also get
accentuated by a sense of freedom. Without proper knowledge of the exact
anatomy, history and constitution of sadhana, one's attempts are likely
to be blind, and may not yield much good. Also, many a time, such thoughtless
routines lead the aspirant to great calamity, instead of elevating him. A sadhaka
is not expected to be idiotic or foolish, though he is required to have
implicit devotion to his practices, to his teacher and to his deity. A sadhaka
should have a clear presence of mind, common-sense and rightly discriminating
intellect, so that be may not be led astray by his emotions and the other sides
of his weaker nature.
In order to become a well-fitted aspirant, one must purify oneself, by
transforming the brutal and human instincts into spiritual energy. The natural
expression of these undivine instincts is to be withheld and properly directed
through various intelligent means. The most important of these
self-transfiguring methods are:
- opposition
- substitution
- transformation and sublimation
Opposition is acting in a manner directly contrary to a particular
instinct, through thought, word and deed. Substitution is curbing the instinct
through a replacement of it by another, more virtuous one. Transformation and
sublimation is the melting and evaporating of the instinct into spiritual
devotion, yogic energy and divine knowledge.
The subhuman qualities and the evil phases of human nature are rooted in
the desire for the greedy satisfaction of one's egoistic self, even if it may
drown other individuals in sorrow. The grief forced upon other sentient beings,
being the effect of a breach of the law of universal harmony, must necessarily
rebel against and redound upon its cause, so that the disturbed balance may be
restored again. It is not absolutely necessary to hold the theory that some
extra-cosmic transcendental Father or Creator will afterwards inflict
punishment on the sinner. It is obvious that, even without such a religious
belief, it is quite intelligible that, sin being a violation of the truth of
the inseparable unity of existence through an obstinate selfishness, clinging
to the body and yielding to the dictates of the ego, the reinstallation of this
truth, which ever refuses to be suppressed, should logically be by a defeat of
the inimical force, which means the flow of the current of events against the
individualistic propensity. But the propensity, too, demands fulfilment and
craves for victory, and its victory over Truth being impossible, the ceaseless
battle between the untruth of individual nature and the truth of absoluteness
ends in the painful succession of the deaths and births of the individual
trying to maintain its egoism. Every thought that is directed against the
undividedness of existence is a venomous spear darted against the sender of
that thought. It is a fetter to bind oneself with, a prison to throw oneself
in. Evil is the perpetration of an action, physical, verbal or psychological,
which presupposes a mental consciousness that directly or indirectly denies the
indivisible character of the Absolute. This is sin, and this is real crime.
This is the error that breeds the miseries of mortal life.
It is, therefore, not easy to detect the evil inside, as, very often, the
perpetrator gets identified with the evil nature, as consciousness gets unified
with the ambitious, non-discriminating ego. In the majority of cases,
discrimination fails, and even if it shows its head, it is, generally, after
the commission of wrong. The purpose of sadhana is to prevent the mind
from taking recourse to its dangerous aberrations and from getting for the
individual the bitter fruit of metempsychosis. Only after a very searching
investigation would it be possible for one to have a correct knowledge of the
workings of the inner powers, and to direct the consciousness to the
apperception of its essential reality. The method of opposing the instincts of
life with contradicting powers, or even the way of substitution, will not
ultimately be able to achieve the required success. The Sadhana-Chatushtaya is
a means of transforming and sublimating relativity in Absoluteness. Viveka,
the foundation of all sadhana, is an extremely powerful overhauling,
enlivening and illuminating spiritual agent. It helps one to understand, to know.
Without intelligence, no act has value, no sadhana is worth its name.
The moment there arises the light of pure intelligence, there is also at once
the transformation of the individual from the lower nature to the higher
essence. All the items of the Sadhana-Chatushtaya aim at the complete
destruction of characters that are contrary to, or different from, the truly
enduring Truth-Consciousness, and not merely at suspension of their activities
through opposition in war or replacement of them by some other powers. As long
as the lower obstacle shows even a slight trace of life, the higher region
cannot be said to be really occupied fully.
The love for the individual, limited, selfish life is many times wrongly
justified by the ravaging desires for name, fame, power, wealth and sex; by the
tyrannizing demands of the body; by lust for honour, worship, exaltation,
praise and lordship; by ambitions connected with the objective world, whatever be
the nicety and the refined garb or the polished appearance of these ambitions.
Even craving for too much erudition or scholarship is an impediment to the
spiritual seeker. These hosts of obstacles have to be stepped over; all
desires, ambitions and curiosities have to be nipped in their bud. The more
careful and circumspect a sadhaka is, the more should he try to sharpen and
deepen his intelligence. There is no limit to the need for one's vigilance and
active consciousness. Even at the entrance to heaven, a passage may be there
leading to hell. The boat may sink even near the opposite shore. The life of
the sadhaka should be one of unfailing viveka and vichara
crowned with the penetrating light of purified consciousness, so that he may
search out and reach the knowledge and experience of the innermost recess of
his heart, the bottom of the truth of his own being. All thoughts, words and
actions which do not contribute to the realisation of this Being should be
dispensed with, by the practice of the Sadhana-Chatushtaya, and then, the
aspirant becomes fit to sit at the feet of the Shrotriya and the Brahmanishtha,
to hear the nature of the Great Truth.
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